應用研究 2025年 第卷 第18期

DOI: 10.7672 / sgjs2025180098

城市軌道交通防淹措施研究

盧昌儀，王開玉，崔艷斌

作者簡介：

盧昌儀，高級工程師，E-mail: luchangyi@ dtsjy. com

作者單位：

廣州地鐵設計研究院股份有限公司，廣東廣州 510420

基金項目：

?國家重點研發計劃（2022YFC3005203）；廣東省城市軌道交通工程建造新技術企業重點實驗室資助項目（2017B030302009）

摘要：

隨著極端氣候事件頻發，城市軌道交通面臨日益嚴峻的洪水倒灌風險。針對城市軌道交通防淹薄弱環節（車站出入口、風亭、隧道出入段線），系統分析了現有防淹措施適用性與局限性。研究表明，車站出入口普遍采取被動防淹措施（如沙袋、手動插板），但存在響應慢、依賴人力、美觀性差等問題；出入口全自動防洪防淹擋板通過物理浮力原理實現自動擋水，兼具模塊化、免電力、快速安裝優勢，已在多地驗證其高效性；極端情況下啟用的防護密閉門雖有效，但轉換時間長。傳統手動拼裝風亭防淹板效率低下，車站風亭全自動水浮力式防淹防洪閘板可依靠水浮力實現擋水功能，顯著提升響應速度；針對大型風亭設計的暫時性密閉擋水裝備通過精密定位與鎖扣系統，實現快速封堵與安全存放。隧道出入段線采用推拉式擋板或立轉式防淹門，后者集成液壓驅動、智能監測與多重鎖定系統，可遠程控制并適應復雜工況，但需預埋結構與專業維護。未來防淹設計需向自動化、模塊化、智能化方向發展，結合城市軌道交通特點定制組合方案，以平衡時效性、可靠性與經濟性，為城市軌道交通防淹體系升級提供技術支撐。

English：

With the increasing frequency of extreme climate events, urban rail transit system facesgrowing risks of floodwater intrusion. This paper systematically analyzes the applicability and limitationsof existing flood control measures targeting the vulnerable points of urban rail transit system （ stationentrance and exit,wind pavilion, and tunnel portal sections）。 The research shows that station entranceand exit commonly relies on passive flood barriers （for example, sandbags, manual plates），which sufferfrom slow response times, high labor dependency, and poor aesthetics. In contrast, the fully automaticbuoyancy-activated flood control plates for entrance and exit utilize physical buoyancy to achieveautomatic water blocking. It offers advantages in modularization, power-free operation, and rapidinstallation,with its effectiveness validated through practical application in multiple locations. Whileprotective airtight doors are effective for extreme scenarios, their deployment requires significantconversion time. Traditional manually assembled flood control plates for wind pavilion are inefficient. Thefully automatic buoyancy-activated flood control plates for station wind pavilion significantly enhancesresponse speed by relying on water buoyancy. Temporary sealing equipment designed for large windpavilion enables rapid sealing and secure storage through precision positioning and latching system. Fortunnel portal sections, sliding barriers or vertical rotation floodgates are employed. The latter integrateshydraulic drive, intelligent monitoring, and multi-stage locking system, enabling remote control andadaptability to complex conditions, though they require embedded structures and specializedmaintenance. Future flood control design must evolve towards automation, modularization, andintelligence. Tailored combined solutions, aligned with the characteristics of urban rail transit system,are essential to balance timeliness, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This approach will provide crucialtechnical support for upgrading the flood control system of urban rail transit infrastructure.